Muffle-furnace



(No Model.) v {Sheets-Sheath V A. A- BRENEMA Nu MUFELB FURNACE. Nu 514,698. Patented Feb. 13,1 94,

flaw

m2 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn y, I

(N0 Ml aeiiq 4 sneets sneet 2.

' A; A BR ENE MAN.

I I MUFFLB FURNACE. No. 514,698. Patented Feb. 13,1894.

I 1 l l I l l 1|l llllllllllllllllllllll |I||| lllllllllllllJlJilllfilJfli f 0 till vlllillllllllxll UNITED STATES,

PATENT OF ICE.

ABRAM A. BRENEMAN, OF BROOKLYN, NEW- YORK.

MUFFLE-FURNYACEQ SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 514,698, dated February 18, 1894.

Application filed August 13, 1892. Serial1 lo. 1 N mo l To all whom it may concern- Be it known that I, ABRAM A. BsENEMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brooklyn, Kings county, State of New York, have invented certain new-and useful Improvements in MuflieFurnaces, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to muffle furnaces, and consists in the construction of the inuffle and arrangement of fines and appliances con nected therewithas fully set forth hereinaf ter, and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1, is an elevation of my improved furnace, the two halves from the central line being in transverse section on different planes as shown by the line '0 2), Fig.2. Fig. 2, is a plan view. Fig. 3, is a side elevation in part section or in different planes. Fig. 4, is an end elevation. Fig. 5, is a plan of the receptacle for chemicals. Fig. 6, is a sec- Fig. 7, is aplan of tion of the door frame. the door frame. Fig. 8, is a section of the door; Fig. 9, a perspective of one of the chairs for supporting articles within the muflie. Fig. 10, is a plan of the door. Fig. 11 is a side view of one of the stays.

The body of the furnace consists of masonry preferably of ordinary bricklincd with fire brick the furnace being of a T-shape in plan, as shown in Fig. 2, the wide end having two furnaces A, A, on opposite s des of a muflie B, which muffle extends from the front to the rear end of the furnace, each end being closed by a suitable door which when open permits a thorough inspection and access to the entire length of the muffle, and there are certain longitudinal fines hereinafter described, which also extend the entire length of the furnace, and are provided with plugs at the end, whereby to permit more ready inspection and cleanlng than could be effected if the tines did not extend from end to end.

The muffle B, is preferably rectangular 1n cross section and the vertical sides consist of tiles 1, 1, which are preferably tongued and grooved as shown in Fig. 1, and outside of these tiles is a layer of split brick being a thin brick used in the art arranged'to break joint with the tiles, the object of the. split brick layer being to protect the tiles, and prevent the passage of gases to the interior of the muffie, which must be practically air tight without interfering to too great an extent with the conduction of heat from the outside flues hereinafter described to the walls of the muffle.

The bottom of the rnufile consists of thick tiles made'of fire-clay, and as an arched top of brickwork would involve many joints, and render the top more or less porous, and permit the entrance of the gases, I have devised the following construction: Across each side wall of the muffle extends a tile 4, of firebrick, the. greater length of which is embedded in the masonry of the furnace, so as to afiord a requisite support, the outer ends serving as a'partial abutment for the arch 5, above the line 6, that extends along the entire length of the furnace above the mnffle. About one-third of the tile 4, projects inward beyond the side wall of the muffle, and preferably the entire series of tiles 4, at their meeting edges are rabbeted and the joints are sealed. or cemented with fire-clay as are other join'tsof the fire-clay bricks of the furnace. The opening between the edges of the two series of tiles 4, 4, is closed by a series of tiles 7, which slightly overlap the edges of the tiles 4, and the meeting edges of which are rabbeted, and in the front and back walls of the furnace opposite the ends of the flue 6, are openings 00, to which are adapted suitable plugs which may be removed to give access to the flue.

The fire-boxes A, A, are of any suitable length, and are built in the masonry of the furnace with suitable fire-brick linings, and

they communicate each through a series of lateral lines 8, with the interior of a longitudinal flue 9, extending beneath one side of the muffle for the entire length of the furnace, crossing however, a transverse collecting chamber or flue g, which is crossed by all of the longitudinal flues, the latter extending to the rear end wall of the furnace, and being plugged up. By this means the products of combustion passing to the longitudinal'flues are'finally concentrated into the transverse collecting flue y, from which they are con ducted to any suitable take-up. Along the outside of each side wall of the mutfle B, extends a series oflongitudinal fines, three flues a, a, a being shown, which fines are made as deep vertically as possible, but narrow, and each of which communicates with the adjacent firebox, so that the products of combustion from the upper portion of the said fire box will flow to the said fines and along the said walls of the muflie, and the flue 6, also communicates at each side with the adjacent fire-box. The bottom fines 9, 9, and the side fines a, and the top flue 6, are therefore supplied by the products of combustion from the fire-boxes, which products of combustion are conducted very nearly the entire length of the muiile from the front to the collecting flue y, and heat the muffle practically uniformly upon the bottom, sides and top, but without any direct entrance of the gases into the muffle, and, owing to the construction specified, without danger of leakage, which in many instances would be destructible of the annealing or other operations performed in the mnfiie.

There may be different arrangements of connecting flues between the fire boxes and the longitudinal fines. I, however, prefer to make in the top or arch of each fire box when there are three side fines a, a a five openings b, b, c, c, and d, as indicated in dotted lines, Fig. 3. The opening I), communicates by a lateral flue 10, with the lower fine a. Opening b, communicates through an L- shaped flue 12, (dotted lines, Fig. 1) with the top flue 6. The flue c, communicates by means of an L-shaped fine 13, with the flue a, and the fine c, communicates with the fine a through an L-shaped flue 14, while a terminal flue opening (1, communicates through a fine like the flue 12, with the flue 6, which being larger than the flue a, requires an additional amount of heat.

In certain processes it is necessary to introduce chemicals in solid, liquid or gaseous form, into the muffle to act upon the articles therein contained, and for this purposeI provide a receptacle D, which may be made in the form of a tube or trough open at the top, and both ends, and provided with a sealing cap 20, and turned up at the inner end to form a flange 21, that will tend to hold any materials that may be liquid. A cap piece 22, serves to close the top of this trough, which is embedded in the masonry of the furnace, so as to extend transversely from the outside over the top of one of the fire-boxes to a vertical flue 25, which communicates through lateral openings 26, with the interior of the muffle.

The receptacle D, is arranged in the forward part of the furnace between the front wall and the openings 1), b, as best indicated in Fig. 3, and the gases or liquid material may be injected into the receptacle D, by means of any suitable injector E, and the material thus introduced may be deflected by deflector blades 27, shown in Figs. 4 and 5, so as to reach the interior of the muffle in a vaporous or gaseous condition.

While any suitable door may be employed for closing the end of the muflie, it has been found extremely difficult to make a door and connect it so as to be readily operated, of a large size that must be used in apparatus of the character shown, and I have therefore dovised the construction and arrangement of closing devices, best illustrated in Figs. 6, 7, and 8. The door 0, is a rectangular plate flat at the edges and arched toward the center, and provided with lateral ribs 29, extending from a central hub, 30, and with transverse ribs 31, which ribs are all narrow and deep to impart great strength without excessive weight, and the inner side of the door is provided with a bearing rib 32, which bears against a packing in an edge recess 33, in the flange 34, of a door frame J, which is embedded in the wall. The recess 33, is cut away preferably, of a T-shape in cross section, and the four portions of the said recess which intersect at right angles extend completely to the edges of the flange 34, so that the pack ing strips, which may be of any suitable material preferably of thin asbestus paper or fabric, may be introduced endwise into said recesses, one strip being laid upon the other until the inner enlarged portion of the recess is filled. The bearing flange 32, of the door enters the recess 33, and bears upon the packing, being forced firmly thereupon by a screw 36, provided with a suitable handle, and passing through a yoke 37, the ends of which may be brought into pivoted links 38, connected with bolts or bearings upon the doorframe J.

It is desirable to swing the door away from the end of the mufile, and lift it out of place by means of a crane or other suitable elevating device, and to this end it is desirable to preserve the relative positions of the yoke and door, and the screw, and I therefore make use of metallic straps or brackets 39, 39, each of the constructions illustrated in Fig. 2, and bolted at each end to ribs upon the door, and bent to receive the yoke 37, without interfering with its movements but serving to support the said yoke in relation to the door when the links 38, are swung to one side.

In operating upon some kinds of material, as for instance iron bars, it is desirable to maintain them from contact with the faces of the m uille, and I, therefore, make use of chairs K, shown as having cross bars 40, with lugs 41, bearing upon the under side of the mutfle, and with side bars 42. A series of these are inserted in the muflle at proper points to receive and support the bars laid therein.

To permit gases and vapors to escape from the muifle when there are any, I make holes 50, which communicate through channels 51 with the flue or chamber 11 In order to impart strength and solidity to the masonry structure and enableit to resist the eifects of the heat, I make use of corner -514,oes-

' stays 52, of angle iron connected by cross bolts 'I 1 ing the boxes Dwhich can be led oif from the 53, 54, and end .stays 55, connected by bolts 56, and end transverse stays 57, each of which passes at either endben eath an arch or recess 8, of one of the stays 55, the stays'57, being thereby held in place while all of the vertical stays are inserted in the ground at their lower end and the stays 55, .57, are preferably strengthened by ribs t. The end stays 55 and 57, cross or cover the edges of the door frame to an extent to aid in holding the latter in place.

There may be a box I), at either or both sides of the furnace and the heavy tiles on the floor of the muffle are preferably rabbeted at their contiguous transverse edges. Addi tional fines (1 may also be provided for heatfire'boxes A, and passed under or around the said boxes and communicating with any of the side flues, as for instance with the second flue along the muffle. These additional flues may be provided with suitable dampers.

7 Without limiting myself to the precise construction and arrangement of parts shown, I ciaim' 1. A muffle furnace consisting of masonry,

with a muffle built in the same, and having its side walls formed of tiles tong'ued and vouter sides of thesplit brick covering extending longitudinally, and communicating with fire boxes, substantially as set forth.

3. A furnace consisting of masonry, supporting a longitudinal muffle with a top con- 'sisting of side tiles extending across the tops of the sides of'the muffle, projecting inward for a part'of their length, and supporting infine y and a chimney communicating with the fln'e y, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination with the furnace and muffie'thereof of a receptacle D, extending laterallyinto a vertical flue, connecting with the muffle by openings 26 and provided with deflector plates, substantially as set forth.

- 6. The combination with the mnffle, of chairs K, having cross bars and side bars and lugs at the lower edges of the cross bars sub-.

stantially as set forth.

7. The combination of the furnace, muffle, and external connected vertical stays having arched portions s, and the cross stays extending at their ends into the said arched portions, substantially as described.

8. The combination with a furnace and the mnffie thereof, of a receptacle D, extending laterally to a vertical flue communicating with the mufiie said furnace being provided with small fines which communicate with the fire chambers thereof and pass under the receptacle D, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

' ABRAM A. BRENEMAN.

Witnesses! HENRY P. ILGEN, r Y VALENTINE J. BADER. 

